Applying Colour and Shade to a 3D object is often referred to as Rendering.
Tonal Shading (adding Tone) is done by laying down different strengths of colour to show where an object is affected by Light and Shadows.
This is done by considering where the Light Source is.
Generally, as is demonstrated by this drawing, Light is said to come from above and to the left of an object.
This results in the:
Top Surface being the Lightest
Left Surface being a Medium Tone
Right Surface being the Darkest.
This basic principle applies whether you are using Pencils, Markers, paints or Digital methods.
Below you can see the stages of Shading (using CADD)
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